Francesca Aloisi has been Head of Research and Acting Director of the Department of Neuroscience at Istituto Superiore di Sanità in Rome, Italy, until November 30, 2023. She is a biologist with past research interests in neuropharmacology, neurochemistry, glial cell biology and neuro-immune interactions. In the past 20 years, she has been involved in investigations on the aetiopathogenesis of multiple sclerosis. In particular, she has coordinated research activities aimed at clarifying the involvement of and interaction between B cells, Epstein-Barr virus and the antiviral immune response in the development of central nervous system inflammation and tissue damage in multiple sclerosis.